Snowflake Hybrid Tables Compared to Standard Snowflake Tables

In this article we focus on hybrid tables, Hybrid Tables have been available to Snowflake users for some time and showcase Snowflake’s desire to be more than a Online Analytical Processing Platform (OLAP).

Features change from time to time with new features being added regularly, it is recommended that you review the documentation for the latest on what specific features are included with any of the Editions.

Open Table of Contents

Overview of Snowflake Table Types
What Are Snowflake Hybrid Tables?
When to Use Hybrid Tables
Creating and Managing Hybrid Tables
Conclusion

Overview of Snowflake Table Types

Snowflake offers various table types tailored to different use cases:

Permanent Tables: Designed for long-term data storage with full support for Time Travel and Fail-safe features.
Transient Tables: Intended for temporary data that doesn’t require fail-safe protection, offering limited Time Travel capabilities.
Temporary Tables: Session-scoped tables that exist only for the duration of a session, ideal for short-term data processing tasks.
External Tables: Allow querying of data stored outside Snowflake without importing it, facilitating seamless integration with external data sources.
Hybrid Tables: The latest addition, optimised to handle both transactional and analytical workloads within the same table structure.

What Are Snowflake Hybrid Tables?

Hybrid Tables in Snowflake are engineered to support high-throughput transactional operations alongside analytical queries. They utilise a row-based storage format complemented by asynchronous replication to columnar storage, enabling efficient handling of diverse workloads. Key features include:

Row-Level Locking: Facilitates high concurrency by allowing multiple transactions to operate on different rows simultaneously.
Enforced Constraints: Supports and enforces primary keys, foreign keys, and unique constraints, ensuring data integrity.
Secondary Indexes: Allows the creation of indexes on non-primary key columns to enhance query performance.

These features make Hybrid Tables particularly suitable for applications requiring real-time data interactions and transactional consistency.

When to Use Hybrid Tables

Hybrid Tables are particularly advantageous in scenarios such as:

E-commerce Personalisation: Online retailers can maintain up-to-date customer profiles and purchase histories to provide personalised product recommendations and offers.

IoT Data Processing: Efficiently handles high-volume, high-velocity data ingestion from sensors, enabling real-time analytics for predictive maintenance or anomaly detection.

Supply Chain Optimisation: Tracks inventory movements in real-time while analysing historical demand patterns, facilitating accurate forecasting and just-in-time inventory management.

Real-Time Fraud Detection: Financial institutions can process transactions in real-time while simultaneously analysing patterns to detect fraudulent activities.

In these cases, the combination of transactional efficiency and analytical capability provided by Hybrid Tables enhances operational effectiveness.

Creating and Managing Hybrid Tables

Implementing Hybrid Tables involves specific SQL commands and considerations:

Creating a Hybrid Table

To create a Hybrid Table with enforced constraints and an index, use the following SQL statement:

CREATE OR REPLACE HYBRID TABLE orders (
    order_id INT PRIMARY KEY,
    customer_id INT,
    order_date DATE,
    total_amount DECIMAL(10, 2),
    CONSTRAINT fk_customer FOREIGN KEY (customer_id) REFERENCES customers(customer_id),
    INDEX idx_order_date (order_date)
);

This command establishes an orders Hybrid Table with enforced primary and foreign key constraints and a secondary index on the order_date column.

Inserting Data into a Hybrid Table

To insert data into the Hybrid Table:

INSERT INTO orders (order_id, customer_id, order_date, total_amount)
VALUES (1, 101, '2025-04-09', 250.00);

Updating Data in a Hybrid Table

To update existing data:

UPDATE orders
SET total_amount = 275.00
WHERE order_id = 1;

Conclusion

In summary, Snowflake’s Hybrid Tables offer a unified solution for managing both transactional (OLTP) and analytical (OLAP) workloads within a single platform. By combining row-based storage for rapid transactional operations with columnar storage optimised for analytics, they enable real-time data processing and analysis without the need for separate systems. This integration is particularly advantageous for applications requiring immediate data consistency and swift query responses, such as real-time fraud detection, personalised e-commerce experiences, and IoT data processing. However, it’s essential to consider factors like storage costs, management overhead, and specific workload requirements when choosing between Hybrid and Standard Tables. By carefully evaluating these aspects, organisations can effectively leverage Snowflake’s table offerings to build a data architecture that aligns with their operational needs and strategic objectives.